The doctrinal history of information operations, cyber operations, and psychological operations within DoD is tangled and confused. Moreover, those military specialties rank lower in the DoD pecking order, and those with such specialties are accorded less respect than those specializing in traditional combat arts. These two realities have led to inconsistent usage of these and related terms within DoD and the larger national security community in government as well as in public discourse and, arguably, a misallocation of resources given the importance of the information environment in military operations.
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