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The Cyber Defense Review

Financial Stewardship in the Land of “1’s and 0’s”

By Brigadier General Kenneth D. Hubbard, Major Jared Nystrom | September 05, 2018

Budget processes supporting cyberspace operations are uniquely challenged due to their dispersal within Department of Defense (DoD) Services and agencies. This budgetary structure fails to provide the visibility needed to analyze and report on cyberspace investments. Furthermore, this structure fails to provide the resolution, with a high level of confidence, on how the DoD executes money in support of cyberspace operations. Establishing a budgetary process similar to that employed by special operations would synchronize and integrate funding activities to operational functions and tasks. This includes the creation of a cyberspace Major Force Program (MFP) that would provide cyberspace budget lines throughout the department. These proposals would create a budgetary structure that could best serve the unique requirements demanded in cyberspace. Doing so would act to acknowledge the cyberspace domain as a separate environment integrated across all Services.


Financial Stewardship in the Land of “1’s and 0’s”



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